What Is Neurology?

Neurology is the branch of medicine that focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system. This includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, which control everything from movement and sensation to memory, mood, and organ function. A neurologist is a medical doctor with specialized training in evaluating these complex systems and managing a wide range of neurological conditions.

Understanding the Nervous System

The nervous system is divided into two main parts:

• Central Nervous System (CNS): Includes the brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Consists of nerves that branch out to the rest of the body

Together, these systems control both voluntary actions, like walking and speaking, and involuntary functions, like heartbeat and digestion.

How a Neurologist Can Help You

A neurologist uses physical exams, medical history, and diagnostic tools—such as MRI, CT scans, EEG, and EMG tests—to evaluate patients. Once a diagnosis is made, treatment may include medications, lifestyle modifications, physical therapy, or advanced procedures like nerve blocks or infusion therapy.

Some neurologists also specialize in specific areas, such as pain medicine, epilepsy, or neurodegenerative diseases.

Common Conditions Treated in Neurology

Neurologists manage a wide variety of conditions, including:

• Migraines and chronic headaches
• Stroke and TIA (mini-stroke)
• Epilepsy and seizures
• Alzheimer’s and dementia
• Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinson’s disease
• Neuropathy and nerve pain
• Brain fog and cognitive decline
• Sleep disorders
• Post-COVID neurological symptoms

Why Neurology Matters

Neurological disorders can significantly affect a person’s quality of life. Early detection and expert management by a neurologist can prevent progression, reduce symptoms, and restore function. Because neurological conditions are often complex, the guidance of a specialist is crucial for proper care.

If you are experiencing persistent headaches, memory issues, or unexplained pain, it may be time to consult a neurologist. In Houston, Dr. Miguel A. Pappolla at St. Michael’s Neurology & Pain Medicine provides expert evaluation and compassionate care for a full range of neurological concerns.